Upper Respiratory Infection

 

  1. Upper respiratory infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young, geriatric and immunocompromised patients. 

  2. Rapid antigen tests like the flu and Strep tests have created a false sense of security among patients and providers - they lack sensitivity and only focus on a single pathogen diagnosis.

  3. Co-infection is HIGH in Respiratory illness

  4. False negatives can lead to a delayed diagnosis and poor clinical outcomes. 

 
 

Viral Pathogens:

  • Adenoviruses #1

  • Adenoviruses #2

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV/HHV5)

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV/HHV4)

  • Human Bocavirus

  • Human Coronavirus 229E

  • Human Coronavirus HKU1

  • Human Coronavirus NL63

  • Human Coronavirus OC43

  • Human Enteroviruses Panel

  • Human Enteroviruses_D68

  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

  • Human Parainfluenza virus 1

  • Human Parainfluenza virus 2

  • Human Parainfluenza virus 3

  • Human Parainfluenza virus 4

  • Human Parechovirus

  • Human Respiratory syncytial virus A

  • Human Respiratory syncytial virus B

  • Human Rhinoviruses #1

  • Human Rhinoviruses #1

  • Influenza A virus H1-2009

  • Influenza A virus H3

  • Influenza B virus

  • Measles Virus

  • Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

  • Mumps virus

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS)

  • Varicella zoster virus (VZV/HHV3)

Bacterial Pathogens:

  • Legionella Pneumophila

  • Moraxella Catarrhalis

  • Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

  • Staphylococcus Aureus

  • Streptococcus Pneumoniae

  • Streptococcus pyogenes

  • Bordetella Panel

  • Bordetella holmesii

  • Bordetella pertussis

  • Chlamydophila Pneumoniae

  • Coxiella Burnetii

  • Haemophilus Influenzae

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae

Fungal Pathogens:

  • Pneumocystis jirovecii